This study explores the multifaceted resistance of women’s movements against global inequality, neoliberal exploitation, and environmental degradation. Focusing on grassroots mobilizations in the Global South, it examines how women collectively challenge structural injustices embedded in global capitalism. Through case studies from Asia, Africa, and Latin America—including the Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), La Via Campesina, and various indigenous land rights campaigns—the paper illustrates how women assert economic autonomy, demand environmental justice, and reimagine sustainable development. It situates these struggles within broader feminist critiques of neoliberal globalization, highlighting how women resist dispossession, patriarchy, and corporate impunity in export-oriented industries and resource-extractive economies. The analysis incorporates ecofeminist, political economy, and intersectional feminist perspectives to contextualize women’s agency in anti-mining movements, climate justice activism, and transnational solidarity networks. Special emphasis is placed on feminist alternatives to market models, such as care economies and collective cooperatives, as transformative visions of economic justice. The article also discusses global feminist campaigns like #MeToo and the World Social Forum, emphasizing South–South feminist collaborations as powerful forces for systemic change. The paper affirms that women’s resistance is not only oppositional but constructive, offering pathways to ecological integrity, democratic participation, and gender-equitable futures across local and global contexts.
Baud, Isa, and Ines Smyth, editors. Searching for Security: Women’s Responses to Economic Transformation. Routledge Studies in Development and Society, 1997.Bodrova, Valentina, and Richard Asker, editors. Working Women in Socialist Countries: The Fertility Connection. ILO, 1985.Chossudovsky, Michael. Globalisation of Poverty. Other India Press, 1997.Custers, Peter. Capital Accumulation and Women’s Labour in Asian Economies. Vistar Publications, 2009.Kalpagam, U. Labour and Gender Survival in Urban India. Sage Publications, 1994.Mies, Maria. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.Patel, Vibhuti. Women’s Challenges of the New Millennium. Gyan Publications, 2006.Patel, Vibhuti, and Manisha Karne. Macro Economic Policies and the Millennium Development Goals. Gyan Publications, 2006.Moghadan, Valentine M., editor. Patriarchy and Economic Development. Clarendon Press, 2004.Acker, Joan. “Gender, Capitalism and Globalization.” Critical Sociology, vol. 30, no. 1, 2004, pp. 24–46. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916304322981668.Apodaca, Clair. “Measuring Women’s Economic and Social Rights Achievement.” Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 1, 1998, pp. 139–172. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.1998.0001.Bergeron, Suzanne. “Political Economy Discourses of Globalization and Feminist Politics.” Signs, vol. 26, no. 4, 2001, pp. 983–1006. https://doi.org/10.1086/495645.Bhagwati, Jagdish. In Defense of Globalization. Oxford UP, 2004.Blomstrom, Magnus. Transnational Corporations and Manufacturing Exports from Developing Countries. United Nations Center on Transnational Corporations, 1990.Bradley, Karen, and Diana Khor. “Toward an Integration of Theory and Research on the Status of Women.” Gender & Society, vol. 7, no. 3, 1993, pp. 347–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124393007003003.Bussmann, Margit. “The Effect of Trade Openness on Women’s Welfare and Work Life.” World Development, vol. 37, no. 6, 2009, pp. 1027–1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.10.007.Davids, Tine, and Francien Van Driel. “The Unhappy Marriage Between Gender and Globalization.” Third World Quarterly, vol. 30, no. 5, 2009, pp. 905–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590902959107.De Melo, Luiz R. “Foreign Direct Investment-Led Growth: Evidence from Time Series and Panel Data.” Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 51, no. 1, 1999, pp. 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/51.1.133.Gálvez, Lina, and Juan Torres. Desiguales: Mujeres y hombres frente a la crisis financiera. Editorial Icaria, 2010.Gray, Mark M., Miki Caul Kittilson, and Wayne Sandholtz. “Women and Globalization: A Study of 180 Countries, 1975–2000.” International Organization, vol. 60, 2006, pp. 293–333. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060176.Grosser, Kate, and Jeremy Moon. “The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Gender Mainstreaming.” International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. 7, no. 4, 2005, pp. 532–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740500284524.Hale, Angela, and Linda M. Shaw. “Women Workers and the Promise of Ethical Trade in the Globalised Garment Industry.” Antipode, vol. 33, no. 3, 2001, pp. 510–530. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00196.Oostendorp, Remco H. “Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap.” World Bank Economic Review, vol. 23, no. 1, 2009, pp. 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhn022.Osland, Joyce S. “Broadening the Debate: The Pros and Cons of Globalization.” Journal of Management Inquiry, vol. 12, no. 2, 2003, pp. 137–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492603012002005.Pearson, Ruth. “Feminist Responses to Economic Globalisation: Some Examples of Past and Future Practice.” Gender and Development, vol. 11, no. 1, 2003, pp. 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/741954250.Prieto-Carrón, Marina. “Women Workers, Industrialization, Global Supply Chains and Corporate Codes of Conduct.” Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 83, 2008, pp. 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9650-7.Richards, David L., and Ronald Gelleny. “Women’s Status and Economic Globalization.” International Studies Quarterly, vol. 51, 2007, pp. 855–876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00480.x.Rodrik, Dani. Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Institute for International Economics, 1997.
